¶ Door Number Six
¶ The Sixth Covenant With Mohammed (PBUH & His Family)
¶ “How should the idolaters have a covenant with God and His Messenger?”
The Jesuit Covenant continued with the Arabs until oppression, murder, idol worship, polytheism, and disbelief increased amongst them. Each tribe had its own house of worship in the form of a giant cube and they filled it up with hundreds of idols made of sticks and stones. The lands once filled with the followers of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus (PBUT) had now become filled with barbaric idol worshipers. The Arabs had completely broken the Jesuit Covenant through their disbelief, hatred of one another, and warring with one another. The Arab tribes in the days prior to the birth of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) were scattered throughout the region and were constantly at war with one another. They were committing the most heinous of crimes, such as burying newborn girls alive. God’s vengeance for their inhumane actions fell upon them and He sent forth a punishment against the Arabs for breaking the Jesuit Covenant. One of the well-known signs to the Arabs that Jesus (PBUH) provided as a proof of his divine authority was the creation of birds out of clay. The punishment for breaking the Jesuit Covenant was the flock of birds (ababil) carrying hard clay stones (sijjil) who destroyed not only Abrahah and his army but also destroyed many of the disbelieving Arabs. At last, there arrived the promised one who Jesus (PBUH) gave glad tidings about, the final Messenger Mohammed (PBUH & His Family).
¶ The Yamani Stone
God established a new Covenant with Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) and the sign of the Mohammedan Covenant was the Yamani stone. The Yamani stone is not to be confused with the black stone of the Kaaba, the Yamani stone is another stone. One day I asked Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace) about it:
I said, “Is the Yamani stone the same as the black stone?”
Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace) said, “No, the people think it is the same but it is a stone which is safeguarded in the Wadi Al-Yabis in Jordan.”
I asked, “What is its color?”
Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace) said, “It is dark black with redness in its center.”
I asked, “And shall this be in the new Kaaba?”
Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace) responded, “Yes.”
¶ Jurisprudence Changes of the Sixth Covenant
The Mohammedan Covenant brought significant changes in laws. In this context, new restrictions and practices were introduced in order to purify, discipline, and correct the beliefs and norms of the Arab tribes and nations. They had deviated so far from the Jesuit Covenant that major changes were required. Here are a few of the major changes which happened with the Sixth Covenant:
- Changing the direction of prayer (qibla) which was in effect during the Mosaic and Jesuit Covenants from the temple in Jerusalem to Mecca: “We have been seeing you turning your face to the heavens. So, We will certainly assign to you a Qibla that you would like. Now, turn your face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque (Al-Masjid-ul-Harām), and (O Muslims), wherever you are, turn your faces in its direction. Even those who have been given the Book know well that it is the truth from their Lord, and Allah is not unaware of what they do.” In this verse, we clearly see that God says that the people of the book, meaning the Christians and the Jews, knew that the first direction of prayer (qibla) was the one built by Abraham (PBUH), and that is the same one which Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) was reinstating. So in essence, Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) reversed the direction of prayer in the Sixth Covenant to the same one in the Third Covenant, the Abrahamic Covenant. Basically, tribalism and tribal wars had become so intense that each tribe had its own direction of prayer. This move was designed to stop tribal fighting and foster unity.
- Making prayer obligatory five times a day, and this came down in the verse from the Holy Qur’an: “Recite and convey to them what is revealed to you of the Book, and establish the Prayer in conformity with its conditions. Surely, the Prayer restrains from all that is indecent and shameful, and all that is evil. Surely God’s remembrance is the greatest (of all types of worship and not restricted to the Prayer). God knows all that you do.” Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace) said: “Prayer is the act of prostration to the Prophets and Messengers and the Imams in their time, prostration of the heart and prayer is also duaa (calling upon God). Every religion from the time of Adam to Mohammed (peace and blessings be upon them all) had implemented prostration as part of their prayer.”
This we can see clearly when we look at the way the Christians and Jews pray, we find in both their forms of prayer a physical prostration, and we also see this in many other religions going all the way back to ancient Egypt, Sumer, and Akkad. Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) expanded upon it and added to it the other aspects of the prayer such as the recitation of the Holy Qur’an during prayer. - Forbidding alcohol and gambling: “O You Who Believe! Indeed, wine, gambling, idols, and divining arrows (a way of gambling) are evil and of Satan’s doings; therefore, leave them aside in order that you may prosper.” Debauchery and drunkenness had become a major problem in Arab life. So this type of prohibition was necessary in order to cleanse them. This is the first time that alcohol was forbidden throughout all the Covenants.
- Allowing polygamous marriages: “You may marry two, three, or four. If you fear lest you become unfair, then you shall be content with only one, or with what you already have. Additionally, you are thus more likely to avoid financial hardship.” In the Adamic, Noahic, Abrahamic, and Mosaic Covenants polygamous relationships were permissible. Remember, in the Adamic Covenant, everything was permissible for Adam, and many of his descendants married more than one. In the Noahic Covenant, the same thing applied, there were no marital restrictions. In the Abrahamic Covenant, Abraham himself was married to Sarah and Hagar and his grandson Jacob was married to Leah, Rachel, Bilha, and Zilpah and there were no marital restrictions. In the Mosaic Covenant, King David had multiple wives, and his successor Solomon had seven hundred royal wives and three hundred concubines. It was only in the Jesuit Covenant that Jesus (PBUH) restricted marriage to be between one man and one woman and he forbade any kind of divorce. In the Gospel of Mark, it states: “Jesus then left that place and went into the region of Judea and across the Jordan. Again crowds of people came to him, and as was his custom, he taught them. Some Pharisees came and tested him by asking, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” “What did Moses command you?” he replied. They said, “Moses permitted a man to write a certificate of divorce and send her away.” “It was because your hearts were hard that Moses wrote you this law,” Jesus replied. “But at the beginning of creation God ‘made them male and female.’ ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.’ So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate.” When they were in the house again, the disciples asked Jesus about this. He answered, “Anyone who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her. And if she divorces her husband and marries another man, she commits adultery.” Thus, the Mohammedan Covenant allowed the man to choose freely to abide either by the rules of the Jesuit Covenant on marriage or to abide by the previous Covenant guidelines. In addition, the Mohammedan Covenant placed many restrictions on the types of marriages which would be allowed. For example, he forbade sibling marriages and marrying one’s mother or father, uncles or aunts, marrying sisters at the same time, etc. In the Holy Qur’an, it says: “Also˺ forbidden to you for marriage are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your paternal and maternal aunts, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your foster-mothers, your foster-sisters, your mothers-in-law, your stepdaughters under your guardianship if you have consummated marriage with their mothers—but if you have not, then you can marry them—nor the wives of your own sons, nor two sisters together at the same time—except what was done previously. Surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
- He made charity (zakat) obligatory: “Take from their wealth a charity that purifies and blesses them.” In the Mohammedan Covenant, it was obligatory that wealth be distributed amongst the people and a certain amount was to be taken from the rich and given to the poor and needy. This was a sort of social benefit system.
- He made pilgrimage (Hajj) to the Kaaba at least once in a lifetime for those with the means obligatory and a pillar of faith: “And proclaim to the people the Hajj [pilgrimage]; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass.”
Prophet Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) became God’s Messenger to all the worlds. Unlike previous Messengers who were sent specifically to Israel or to a particular people or nation, Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) was sent to all of humanity. In fact, God sent Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) as a Messenger to the entire universe, to all of creation including non-human life such as jinn.
Out of the billions of human beings born throughout the past 10,000 years, millions were believers. Out of those millions, 124,000 of them were chosen to become Prophets and reached the rank of Prophethood (nabi). Out of the 124,000 Prophets, only 313 reached the next rank of becoming a Messenger (rasool). Out of the 313 Messengers sent to humanity, only five reached the rank of an Imam (foremost guide) and became carriers of a new jurisprudence and Covenant. Finally, out of the five Ulul-Azm Messengers, the Covenant Prophets with great determination and steadfastness, only 1 was to reach the next level of “two bow lengths or closer” to God. The rank of dissolution into God: a state of incomprehensible oneness and singularity. It is a state of communion with the Absolute God. It is the rank of God in Creation (Allah fi-al-khalq). For the sake of simplicity, we shall describe each rank or station (maqam):
- The rank of a Believer: This is a rank higher than being a non-believer. In this rank, the believer is required to pledge allegiance to the Messenger of God in his time or the Imam of his time, the one who has been selected to guide the believers through their journey. Prophet Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) said: “Whoever dies and doesn’t pledge allegiance to the Imam of his time has died the death of ignorance.” Once the believer finds and pledges allegiance to the representative of God in his time, he must obey him in all things.
- The rank of a Prophet: This is a rank higher than being an ordinary believer. In this rank, the belief of the believer has intensified to such a degree that God has made him a vessel whereby he may receive inspiration, words of truth, and even prophetic insights from God. They also have the ability to interpret them correctly.
- The rank of a Messenger: This is a rank higher than being an ordinary Prophet. In this rank, the Prophet is assigned to deliver a message or warning to a particular people. Some Messengers were sent to nations, others to tribes, others were sent to a particular family and yet others were sent to a single individual. In all cases, the Messenger has a task of delivering his message to someone on God’s behalf and by His instruction.
- The rank of an Imam: This is a rank higher than being an ordinary Messenger. In this rank, the Messenger must establish a new Covenant and implement a new jurisprudence appropriate for his time and in accordance with God’s instructions and wishes. After Abraham (PBUH) was chosen as a Prophet and then as a Messenger, he was made into an Imam. As such was demonstrated in the Holy Qur’an. Out of all the Messengers, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed (PBUT) were all given the task of establishing a new Covenant and implementing a new jurisprudence.
- The rank of God in Creation: This is a rank higher than an Imam. In this rank, the Messenger has completed himself and has become perfected in every way, shape, and form. He has successfully dissolved himself into God and has become the perfect image of God. He is now at this rank, given the duty by God of performing all the tasks God would do, such as taking care of all the affairs of creation. This includes sending forth Messengers. It is clear here that the purpose of the Creator with His creation is that He brings them to a point where they are like Him, perfected, and then once perfected, God leaves the affairs of creation to them. For He so loved His creation that He wished for them to be like Him. This is clear in the following direct narration from God (hadith qudsi) where God addresses His servants: “O son of Adam, I’m Ever-Living and do not die, obey Me in what I command you so that I shall make you ever-living and not die. O son of Adam, I say to something, be and it is, so obey Me in what I command you and I shall make you say to something, be and it is.” When a human being loves his son, he wishes for his child to be like him, rather better than him. God’s love for us is like the love of a parent. Although it is not possible that we be better than God is, God wishes for us to be perfect in nature like Him. We cannot truly be like Him unless we get to experience what it is like to be Him or in charge of creation. It is as the narration states: “Creation are the children of God, the most beloved of His children to Him are those who are the kindest to His creation.”
Prophet Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) in the famous night journey, was raised to this rank and became God in Creation (Allah fi-al-khalq). He was given the task of taking care of all of creation. One key aspect of this role is to send forth Messengers to invite, guide, and warn. Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) was the Final Messenger of the Absolute God (Allah). Now Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) was given the ability and authority to send his own Messengers, who were to be called Imams and Mahdis. The twelve Imams and the twelve Mahdis were appointed and mentioned by Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) on the night of his passing. The twelve Imams are:
- Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Imam Al-Hassan
- Imam Al-Hussein
- Imam Ali Zainul Abideen
- Imam Mohammed Al-Baqir
- Imam Ja’far Al-Sadiq
- Imam Musa Al-Kathim
- Imam Ali Al-Ridha
- Imam Mohammed Al-Jawad
- Imam Ali Al-Hadi
- Imam Al-Hassan Al-Askari
- Imam Mohammed ibn Al-Hassan Al-Askari, Al-Mahdi (From Them all is Peace)
The twelve Imams were the most perfect of Messengers. They were higher and better than any of the previous Prophets and Messengers sent. Prophet Mohammed (PBUH & His Family), his daughter Fatimah Al-Zahra and the twelve Imams (From Them is Peace) were the only created beings who incarnated into this world with inherent infallibility from birth until death. History has not recorded against them any sins as it has with the other Prophets and Messengers. They were the most perfect images of God in Creation. As demonstrated in the Book of Monotheism by Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace), the Prophets and Messengers were working towards paving the path for the coming of God in Creation. In the book of Deuteronomy, it states:
“He said: “The LORD came from Sinai and dawned over them from Seir; he shone forth from Mount Paran.”
Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace) clarified that the dawning of God in Creation was through Jesus (PBUH), and a dawn is a partial manifestation and not a full appearance and that the shining of God was a full appearance in Paran and that is through Mohammed (PBUH & His Family).
In Islamic narrations, it is mentioned in the Supplication of Attributes (Duaa Al-Simat):
“And by your rise in Seir, and your appearance on Mount Paran.”
The rise or partial appearance is in Jesus and the full appearance is in Mohammed (PBUH & His Family). For this reason, we find God’s description of Mohammed and the Family of Mohammed as “the complete words.” For Mohammed is the complete appearance and the complete word, as stated in the Supplication of Attributes (Duaa Al-Simat):
“…and by Your word by which You have created the heavens and earth…and by the matter of the complete word…and I ask You by Your word which overpowered everything.”
Thus, the picture becomes clearer. All of the Prophets and Messengers were paving the way for the coming of God in Creation. They paved the way for the rulership of God. God came in creation through manifesting as His most perfect images, Mohammed and the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace) who were a singular light created in the image of God. In fact, they were the only thing created directly by the Absolute God. Everything and everyone else after that was created by them. It was narrated from them that they (From Them is Peace) said:
“We are the creation of our Lord and the people after that are our creation.”
Mohammed who cleared the House of God from the false idols and false gods, and Ali who was born in the House of God. Ali is the only human being to be born inside the Kaaba. Ali is the only human being who was raised by Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) above his head and stood on his shoulders in the Holy Kaaba. It is Mohammed and Ali and Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein (From Them is Peace) who return as the twelve Imams and they are one light.
In fact, the Seal of Mohammed could be read, “Mohammed the Messenger of Allah” but it also reads: “Allah is the Messenger of Mohammed.” This points to the coming of God in Creation. Below is an image of the famous seal.
Figure 1: Seal of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family)
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One day Aba Michael (PBUH) and a believer discussed what it means to know God by the Arabic letters in the phrase: “There is no god but God (Allah).”
Aba Michael (PBUH) said, “My brother, do you know who God is? God whom there is no God but He, God is ‘there is no God but God.’ In the phrase, ‘there is no God but Allah,’ how many are the letters in this sentence (in Arabic)?”
The believer said, “Twelve.”
Aba Michael (PBUH) asked, “Who is the best of them?”
The believer responded, “Ali ibn Abi Talib (PBUH).”
Aba Michael (PBUH) asked, “And who is after him?”
The believer said, “Al-Hassan and Al-Hussein (PBUT).”
Aba Michael (PBUH) said, “Good job, God is in them and they are in Him. The twelve Imams, all of them.”
All of the twelve Imams have come and gone except for the Twelfth and final Imam, Imam Mahdi (PBUH & His Family). He is named Baqiyat Allah, the remaining part of Allah. That is because all of the other twelve parts of God in Creation have gone and he is the remaining Imam from them. The final part of that original light.
Although there were many changes made in the jurisprudence of this new Covenant, the most important part of the Mohammedan Covenant is that he implemented the pilgrimage to the Holy House of God at least once in a lifetime. Muslims had to make pilgrimage to visit the Holy House of God and pledge allegiance to the black stone. The circumambulation (tawaf) of the Kaaba begins at the black stone where the first act of the pilgrim is to put out their right hand and touch or point to the black stone. This stone symbolizes the hand of God, and it represents the Riser/Qaim of the Family of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family). The whole Hajj ritual represents a pledge of allegiance to God through the pledge of allegiance to the Riser of the Family of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family).
Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) had brought to us his Family, the twelve Imams, who were the perfect manifestation of God in Creation. The Holy Qur’an mentioned and emphasized our duty towards them repeatedly:
“…And Allah only wishes to remove all impurities from you, ye members of the Family, and to purify you a thorough purification.”
Here we realize that God is explicitly telling us that the Family of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family), who oftentimes are referred to as the “Family of God,” are completely purified. Therefore, they are in fact, pure from the seed of the devil and have none of the impurities of Satan or Cain in them.
Imam Al-Sadiq (From Him is Peace) said:
“God created us from the light of His Might and then He created us from a safeguarded clay from under the throne, and He made that light abide in us and we were created as light beings and no one had a share in the likes of what He created us from, and He created the souls of our followers (Shia) from our clay and their bodies are from a clay that is safeguarded under that clay, and God did not make for anyone a share in the likes of what He created them from except for the Prophets, and for that reason we and them became The People (true humans) and the rest of the (apparent) people became beasts who are in the fire and to the fire.”
Here we see that the bodies of the Prophets, Messengers, and devoted followers (shia) of Mohammed’s Family (Ahlul-Bayt) are all purified and unlike the seed of the devil. The love of Mohammed’s Family (Ahlul-Bayt) became the purifier, identifier, and distinguisher of the children of Adam from the children of Cain.
The children of Adam (PBUH) were required in the Sixth Covenant to fulfill the pledge of allegiance they made to the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace). For the main commandment that Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) gave them was to love his Family and obey them. The duties the Adamites would have towards the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace) would be that they prefer them over their own selves just as they did Mohammed, and everything they gave Mohammed they would give to his Family. As Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) said on the day of Ghadir Khum:
“Whoever I am the Master of, Ali is his Master.”
There were also taxes called the Fifth (khums) implemented which was literally equal to a fifth of every person’s income. This was to be given from every believer to the Prophet and the Imams after him and stored in the treasury (Bayt-ul-mal or house of funds) of the nation. This money was used for the state or whatever the Prophet or Imam deemed necessary. In the Holy Qur’an this tax of twenty percent is mentioned in the following verse:
“Know that whatever property you may gain, one-fifth belongs to God, the Messenger, the kindred, orphans, the needy and those who need money while on a journey. (This is the law) if you believe in God and what We revealed to Our Servant on the Day of Distinction (Badr) when the armies confronted each other. God has power over all things.”
Prophet Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) instituted several practices to purify the believers from the impurities of Cain’s social, financial, and dietary habits, norms, and practices. First, he established the five canonical prayers (salat) in order to purify the hearts of people from the impurities of Cain’s ways. Second, the Fifth tax (khums) and charity (zakat) would purify the people’s money from the impurities of Cain’s ways. Third, fasting (siyam) was established to teach self-control, empathize with the hungry, and to purify one’s body from the food which had been affected in any way by Cain’s ways.
Love and obedience to the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace) are only achieved by a person who is an offspring of Adam (PBUH). The rituals in Islam were designed to rid the person of the remnants of Satan within him and to bring forth the Adamite within. Every created being, including the descendants of Cain, would have an opportunity to cleanse themselves through the love of the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace) and become from the descendants of Adam (PBUH). Physical ancestry no longer mattered in this Covenant. Just as Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) demonstrated when he said:
“Salman is from us, the Ahlul-Bayt.”
The ultimate goal of all creation was to become part of a united soul family, the Family of God (Ahlul-Bayt).
Allah instructed Mohammed to state:
“Say: “No reward do I ask of you for this except the love of those near of kin.”
There is a plethora of narrations that emphasize the importance of loving, obeying, and taking as leaders the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace). The Prophet equated treatment of them with treatment of him, for he said:
“Fatimah is from me, whoever harms her has harmed me, and whoever harms me has harmed God, and whoever harms God upon him is the curse of God, a curse which fills the heavens and the earth.”
He said:
“O Ali, no one loves you except for a believer and no one hates you except for a hypocrite.”
Now we know that the Guardianship (Wilayah) of the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace) is the way we can distinguish between the sons of Iblis and Cain and between the sons of Adam (PBUH). Only the sons of Adam (PBUH) can bear the Guardianship (Wilayah) of the Family of Mohammed. The sons of Cain cannot. It is impossible that a son of Cain have love for Ali and his sons (From Them is Peace). However, the sons of Cain could bear the Guardianship (Wilayah) of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family). As a result, we see, in the lifetime of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family), there were tens of thousands of believers in him. However, after he dies, only a few supported and remained with Ali (From Him is Peace).
The reason for this is that Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) only implemented a small part of the religion. He came as a mercy for all of the worlds, even the children of Cain. The Sixth Covenant offered an opportunity for all to come under the rule and Guardianship of God through Mohammed, in one way, shape, or form so long as they submitted to his authority. That which he was unable to implement in his lifetime would be delayed until a future time. If the people had obeyed and accepted the Guardianship (Wilayah) of God, or the Family of Mohammed, they would have received the remaining parts of religion. However, because they did not, and they continued to plot against the Family of Mohammed and murder them, humanity and specifically the Arabs, broke the Mohammedan Covenant. The Arabs awaited for each successor to be born from the Family of Mohammed in order that they imprison or murder them. Indeed, they murdered all of the Imams one by one, except for the Twelfth Imam, Mohammed ibn Al-Hassan Al-Askari, Al-Mahdi (PBUH & His Family) who went into an absence as a child.
Imam Mahdi (PBUH & His Family) sent many Messengers throughout the past 1,200 years and attempted to guide humanity. Most of the Messengers were belied, killed or tortured. Imam Mahdi (PBUH & His Family) would not be the physical father of his successor, like his predecessors, but rather God decided to send the souls of the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace) in seemingly random, undetectable bodies in order to hide and protect their identities from the seed of Iblis. The first of these successors to be sent in this manner was Imam Ahmed Al-Hassan (From Him is Peace). He declared himself the son and Messenger of Imam Mohammed ibn Al-Hassan Al-Mahdi (PBUH & His Family) and God established with him a new Covenant. A Seventh and Final Covenant, in which he would spread the remaining parts of religion.
While the Covenant of Mohammed (PBUH & His Family) seems like the easiest of Covenants to some, it was actually the hardest of them all. Because the prerequisite for upholding the Covenant was to obey Ali and his sons the same obedience one would have towards God Almighty and be willing to sacrifice their entire lives for them.
“Indeed, God has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties [in exchange] for that they will have paradise. They strive in the cause of God, so they kill and are killed. [It is] a true promise [binding] upon Him in the Torah, the Gospels, and the Qur’an. And who is truer to His Covenant than God? So rejoice in your transaction which you have contracted. And it is that which is the great achievement.”
So the Adamite must first believe in the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace), and belief is complete and total obedience without question or doubt. Then, they must be willing to offer to God one’s wealth, health, spouse, children, and self and all that one owns for the sake of the religion. This is not an easy task. But as Jesus (PBUH) said:
“Anyone who loves their father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; anyone who loves their son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me.”
Mohammed and the Family of Mohammed (From Them is Peace) were better than all of the Prophets and Messengers. They were the perfect reflection and manifestation of God in Creation (Allah fi-al-khalq).
¶ Sources
- Note each tribe had their own giant cube or Kaaba that served as a central gathering place for worship, economic, social, and cultural activities.
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 5 (Al-Ma’idah), Verse 110; The Infancy Gospel of Thomas, from The Apocryphal
New Testament. - The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 105 (Al-Fil), Verses 1-5
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 2 (Al-Baqarah), Verse 144
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 29 (Al-Ankaboot), Verse 45
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 5 (Al-Ma’idah), Verse 90
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 4 (Al-Nisa), Verse 3
- The Holy Bible, Book of Mark, Chapter 10, Verses 1-12
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 4 (Al-Nisa), Verse 23
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 9 (Al-Taubah), Verse 103
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 22 (Al-Hajj), Verse 27
- Jinn are a species of intelligent life that share this planet with us and who originate off this world.
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 53 (Al-Najm), Verse 9
- Al-Aql wa Al-Jahl fi Al-Kitab wa Al-Sunnah, Mohammed Al-Reyshahri, p. 275
- Al-Qiyadah fi Al-Islam (Leadership in Islam), Mohammed Al-Reyshahri, p. 77
- Jami’ ahadith al-Shi’a (Collection of Shia Hadith), Al-Sayed Burujirdi, Vol. 16, p. 177
- The Holy Bible, Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 33, Verse 2
- Bihar Al-Anwar, Al-Allahmah Al-Majlisi, Vol. 87, p. 99
- Duaa Al-Simat
- Nahjul-Balagha, Sermons of Imam Ali, Vol. 3, p. 32
- The Seal of Mohammed, Muqwaki (circular) design. This is a famous relic found in museums throughout the world. This letter is one of the relics of Mohammed kept in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey.
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 33 (Al-Ahzab), Verse 33
- Al-Kafi, Al-Shaikh Al-Kulayni, Vol. 1, p. 389
- Mizan Al-Hikmah (Scale of Wisdom), Mohammed Al-Reyshahri, Vol. 1, p. 138
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 8 (Al-Anfal), Verse 41
- Al-Mustadrak, Al-Hakim Al-Nishapuri, Vol. 3, p. 598
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 42 (Al-Shura), Verse 23
- Bihar Al-Anwar, Al-Allahmah Al-Majlisi, Vol. 43, p. 54
- Bihar Al-Anwar, Al-Allahmah Al-Majlisi, Vol. 39, p. 287
- The Holy Qur’an, Chapter 9 (Al-Taubah), Verse 111
- The Holy Bible, Book of Matthew, Chapter 10, Verse 37